Arteriol Blood Flow of the Kidney

Blood flow to the kidneys begins through the Renal Artery.
The Renal Arteries then split off to Segmental Arteries.
The Segmental Arteries branch off into interlobar arteries which pass through the Renal Pyramids.
Each pyramid at the base of the interlobar arteries branch off to arcute arteries.
Off the Arcute Arteries are little interlobular arteries - they pass through the renal lobules.
They then enter the renal cortex and branch off to afferent arterioles. Each Nephron recieves one afferent arteriole which divide into a capillary network called the glomerulus.

Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

there are about 3-5 deep inguinal lymph nodes.

they are located medial to the femoral vien.

The superior most node is located under the inguinal ligament.

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes form a chain beneath the inguinal ligament.

There are approximately 10 superficial lymph nodes.

The superficial nodes drain to the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Axillary Nodes

Axillary Nodes:

1. Brachial Lymph nodes

2.pectoral axillary lymph nodes

3. subscapular axillary lymph nodes

4. central lymph nodes

5. apical lymph nodes

Cervical Nodes

Cervical Nodes. There are aprroximately 300 nodes in the neck. There are 6 layers of Cervical Lymph nodes.

Layer 1: Submental and Submandibular nodes

Layer 2: Upper Jugular nodes

Layer 3: Middle jugular nodes

Layer 4: lower jugular nodes

Layer 5: Posterior triangle

Layer 6: anterior compartment

Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways are sequenced reactions. Some are catabolic which produce energy in some phosphate groups.
3 Metabolic pathways:
1. Occurs in the cytoplasm also known as Glycolysis. All organisms undergo glycolysis in all cells (animals, plants and bacteria). NADH.
2. occurs in mitochondrial matrix cytoplasm within the mitocondria. Only Eukaryotic cells have mitocondria. (Kreb's cycle, Citric Acid cycle, Tri-carboxylic acid (TCA)). NADH and FADH2.
3. Occurs in mitocondrial Cristae (inner membrane). ETS = Electron Transport System. All about the transfer of electrons. ATP.
Glucose is cut in half in Glycolysis.

Metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the human body.
Two types are Anabolic and Catabolic.
ATP = Nucleotide which makes it a nucliec acid. ATP is composed of a Phosphate, sugar and Nitrogen base (G,A,T,C, U)
When ATP turns into ADP there is a release of alot of energy.
ATP is the highest energy containing molecule.
When ADP goes to AMP energy is also released.
The definition of Energy is one reaction to another by transferring molecules from one to another.
Kinases - Phosphate group transfers from molecule A to Molecule B now molecule B is energized.
Polarity will drive it away (negative to positive)