There are 3 vessels located in the Umbilical Cord. 1 Vein and 2 arteries. The cool thing about the arteries is that they wrap around the vein. The works of the vein and artery are reversed compared to an adult. The vein pumps oxygen rich blood from the placenta and the deoxygenated blood comes back out through the arteries. Another thing is that you can bank your babies cord blood. The story that was told in anatomy about the boy really made me think and I am surely going to bank my babies blood when I have one just in case something happens in the future. The cord blood are indiffentriated = p cells. These cord blood cells can be turned into both red and white blood cells. This is very expensive to do costing $2000 the first year and about $150 a year after that.
Cardiac output is the heart rate times the stroke volume. CO is the amount of blood (volume) pumped out by ventricles every 1 minute, which is about 5 to 6 liters. we have about 5 liters in our body so every minute our heart pumps all the blood in our bodies. Crazy!! The stroke volume is the blood being ejected from the ventricles.
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I was reading your blog about the type of stem cells in umbilical cord blood and I don't remember Dana calling them p cells so we might want to ask her about that. I do have in my notes that they are called pluripotent stem cells which have already started down a certain path of differentiation so in theory they shouldn't be able to become every type of cell, but in the story she told us about the child with cerebral palsy, they hypothesized that maybe pluripotent stem cells may have reverted back to totipotent stem cells which can become any type of cell.
I also looked up pluripotent stem cells in our textbook and I found them on page 669. The text said about 0.05-0.1 percent of red bone marrow cells are derived from mesenchymal cells called pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to develop into several different types of cells, but not all types of cells.
In order to form blood cells, pluripotent stem cells generate two other types of stem cells:: myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and end their development in the red bone marrow and can become red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin their development in red bone marrow; B lymphocytes complete their development in red bone marrow while T lymphocytes move to and mature in the thymus.
Totipotent stem cells as I mentioned before are the undifferentiated stem cells that can basically become any type of cell. The definition I include here of Totipotent stem cells is from the free on-line medical dictionary, it says: Totipotency: the ability to differentiate along any line or into any type of cell. The ability of a cell, like an egg, to give rise to an unlike cell and to develop into a new organism.
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